El screening cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson: una revisión teórica
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Revista de Psicologia
Abstract
Fundamento: La enfermedad de Parkinson es la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa más prevalente en el mundo, presentando sintomatología motora y no motora, y resaltando dentro de éstas últimas las afectaciones cognitivas, caracterizadas por presentar alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas, las que en muchas ocasiones no serían pesquisadas. Objetivo: Proponer un instrumento de tamizaje cognitivo acorde al perfil neuropsicológico característico de las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson. Método: Se efectúa un estudio teórico de tipo clásico, en donde se utiliza como base de datos principal a Medline. Por otra parte, se complementa la búsqueda con Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) de entidades gubernamentales y con artículos extraídos de otros motores de búsqueda. Resultados: Si bien existe una gama de instrumentos genéricos y específicos para evaluar el estado cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson, la evidencia analizada sugiere que el Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) sería el más adecuado para evaluar a esta población. Conclusión: Aunque el Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) sea el instrumento idóneo para evaluar y detectar sintomatología cognitiva en la enfermedad de Parkinson, existe un consenso de que aún son necesarios más estudios para que pueda ser considerado como un test de tamizaje unitario para la evaluación neuropsicológica de esta población.
Background: Parkinson's disease is the second more prevalent neurodegenerative pathology in the world. It presents motor and non-motor symptomatology. Among the latest, cognitive impairments stand out, characterized initially for executive function changes. Objective: To propose a cognitive screening test according to the characteristic Neuropsychological profile of Parkinson's disease patients. Method: A theoretical study of classic type was realized, using as main database Medline. Moreover, it was complemented with Clinicai Practice Guidelines, Parkinson-related Journals and other databases. Results: There is a wide variety of generic and specific instruments to assess cognitive deficit on Parkinson's disease, the analyzed evidence suggests that Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is the actual suitable screening test to choose in order to assess and detect these early changes in this population. Conclusion: Although Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is chosen the suitable instrument to assess and detect early cognitive deficit in Parkinson's Disease, it's agreed that more studies are necessary to prove its properties and to be considered a unitary screening test to neuropsychological assessment in this population.
Background: Parkinson's disease is the second more prevalent neurodegenerative pathology in the world. It presents motor and non-motor symptomatology. Among the latest, cognitive impairments stand out, characterized initially for executive function changes. Objective: To propose a cognitive screening test according to the characteristic Neuropsychological profile of Parkinson's disease patients. Method: A theoretical study of classic type was realized, using as main database Medline. Moreover, it was complemented with Clinicai Practice Guidelines, Parkinson-related Journals and other databases. Results: There is a wide variety of generic and specific instruments to assess cognitive deficit on Parkinson's disease, the analyzed evidence suggests that Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is the actual suitable screening test to choose in order to assess and detect these early changes in this population. Conclusion: Although Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is chosen the suitable instrument to assess and detect early cognitive deficit in Parkinson's Disease, it's agreed that more studies are necessary to prove its properties and to be considered a unitary screening test to neuropsychological assessment in this population.
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No. 18
Keywords
Enfermedad de Parkinson, tamizaje, evaluación cognitiva, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, neuropsicología, Parkinson's disease, screening, cognitive assessment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, neuropsychology, doença de Parkinson, triagem, avaliação cognitiva, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, neuropsicologia