Efecto de enmiendas orgánicas sobre las poblaciones microbianas de la rizosfera del cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en el altiplano Sur de Bolivia
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
Las poblaciones microbianas en la rizosfera necesitan de MO como de los exudados de las plantas para su desarrollo. Los suelos de la región andina de Bolivia se caracterizan por contener bajos niveles en MO (<1.5%). Por esta razón, es importante la incorporación de EO al suelo, lo cual favorecerá la relación entre microorganismo-planta. En el momento de la siembra, se aplica al suelo 430 kg/ha de estiércol de camélido, extracto húmico y humita 15 fue utilizado 40 L/ha. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo rizosférico de la planta de quinua en los meses de octubre, enero y abril y fueron procesados por método seriado para evaluar la población total microbiana, cuantificar actinomicetos, bacterias y hongos y comparar su comportamiento. La población total mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas (P<0.05) en los cuatro tratamientos, donde el mes enero esta entre 3.73 a 3.54x10(6), abril de 3.70 a 3.53x10(6) y octubre de 3.40 a 3.39x10(6) UFC/g de suelo rizosférico. Los tres grupos microbianas mostraron mayor población en tratamiento aplicado con estiércol de camélido en los meses de enero y abril, donde las bacterias están entre 1.44 a 1.43x10(6), actinomicetos de 1.23 a 1.20x10(5) y hongos de 1.07 a 1.06x10(4) UFC/g suelo rizosférico; el extracto húmico y humita 15 tienen poblaciones intermedias y el suelo sin aplicación con EO mostró población reducida en los tres meses. Los diferentes grupos microbianos mostraron similaridad en el incremento de poblaciones en los tres meses, pero las bacterias fue el que se expresaron con mayor número, seguido por actinomicetos y por último los hongos. Según el tipo de EO y el estado fenológico de la quinua evidencia que existe efectos favorables en el incremento de la población microbiana, facilita el habitat en la rizosfera de la raíz y su variación está dado según las características propias del suelo y de su contenido de humedad, pH y de la temperatura.
The microbial populations in the rhizosphere need MO as the exudates of the plants for their development. The soils of the Andean región of Bolivia are characterized by low levéis of OM (<1.5%). For this reason, the incorporation of EO into the soil is important, which will favor the relationship between microorganism-plant. At the time of sowing, 430 kg/ha of camelid manure, humic extract and humita 15 was applied to the soil, 40 L/ha was used. Samples of rhizospheric soil were collected from the quinoa plant in the months of October, January and April and were processed by serial method to evalúate the total microbial population, quantify actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi and compare their behavior. The total population showed significant statistical differences (P<0.05) in the four treatments, where the month January is between 3.73 to 3.54x10(6), April of 3.70 to 3.53x10(6) and October of 3.40 to 3.39x10(6) CFU/g of rhizospheric soil. The three microbial groups showed a greater population in treatment applied with camelid manure in the months of January and April, where the bacteria are between 1.44 to 1.43x10(6), actinomycetes from 1.23 to 1.20x10(5) and fungi from 1.07 to 1.06x10(4) CFU/g rhizospheric soil; the humic extract and humita 15 have intermedíate populations and the soil without application with EO showed reduced population in the three months. The different microbial groups showed similarity in the increase of populations in the three months, but the bacteria was the one that was expressed with greater number, followed by actinomycetes and finally the fungi. According to the type of EO and the phenological status of the quinoa, there is evidence that there are favorable effects in the increase of the microbial population, it facilitates the habitat in the rhizosphere of the root and its variation is given according to the characteristics of the soil and its moisture content, pH and temperature.
The microbial populations in the rhizosphere need MO as the exudates of the plants for their development. The soils of the Andean región of Bolivia are characterized by low levéis of OM (<1.5%). For this reason, the incorporation of EO into the soil is important, which will favor the relationship between microorganism-plant. At the time of sowing, 430 kg/ha of camelid manure, humic extract and humita 15 was applied to the soil, 40 L/ha was used. Samples of rhizospheric soil were collected from the quinoa plant in the months of October, January and April and were processed by serial method to evalúate the total microbial population, quantify actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi and compare their behavior. The total population showed significant statistical differences (P<0.05) in the four treatments, where the month January is between 3.73 to 3.54x10(6), April of 3.70 to 3.53x10(6) and October of 3.40 to 3.39x10(6) CFU/g of rhizospheric soil. The three microbial groups showed a greater population in treatment applied with camelid manure in the months of January and April, where the bacteria are between 1.44 to 1.43x10(6), actinomycetes from 1.23 to 1.20x10(5) and fungi from 1.07 to 1.06x10(4) CFU/g rhizospheric soil; the humic extract and humita 15 have intermedíate populations and the soil without application with EO showed reduced population in the three months. The different microbial groups showed similarity in the increase of populations in the three months, but the bacteria was the one that was expressed with greater number, followed by actinomycetes and finally the fungi. According to the type of EO and the phenological status of the quinoa, there is evidence that there are favorable effects in the increase of the microbial population, it facilitates the habitat in the rhizosphere of the root and its variation is given according to the characteristics of the soil and its moisture content, pH and temperature.
Description
Vol. 7, No. 1