Requerimiento térmico de las fases fenológicas de dos variedades de amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L): precoz y tardía en Ayacucho
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
En las investigaciones sobre cultivos andinos, actualmente es importante tener en cuenta el calentamiento global que está incidiendo en nuestro Andes tropicales, por lo que nos trazamos el objetivo principal: Determinar el requerimiento térmico de las fases fenológicas de dos variedades de amaranto: variedad Oscar Blanco ("Precoz"), y la variedad Centenario ("tardía") en Ayacucho. El material genético fue proporcionado por el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria INIA-Ayacucho, se consideraron siete fases fenológicas bien diferenciadas para este cultivo. El trabajo se llevó a cabo a campo abierto en un terreno aledaño a la Estación Meteorológica propiedad de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga cuyas coordenadas geográficas son: 13°08'Latitud Sur, 74° 13'longitud Oeste y Altitud 2772 m.s.n.m. En la presente investigación se utilizó el Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con dos variedades y cinco épocas (fechas) de siembra. Al aplicar el ANVA, los resultados fueron que no existe diferencia significativa en el requerimiento térmico o constante térmica entre las cinco distintas épocas de siembra dentro de variedades, pero si se encontró significación estadística del requerimiento térmico entre las variedades precoz y tardía con un coeficiente de variabilidad igual a 3.49%. La aplicación de la Prueba de Tukey (p=0.05) ratifica que, para las diferentes fases fenológicas, a excepción de emergencia, no existe diferencia media significativa en el requerimiento térmico, pero si se observa diferencia media significativa entre las variedades en estudio. La variedad Oscar Blanco es el genotipo con menor requerimiento térmico promedio para cumplir su ciclo vegetativo (de emergencia a maduración fisiológica) con 1335.4°C, mientras que centenario requiere 1438.0°C. Para el carácter rendimiento Oscar Blanco presenta un mayor rendimiento promedio de 2.8333 t. ha-1, mientras que Centenario tuvo un rendimiento promedio de 2.2744 t. ha-1, respecto al número de días requeridos (tiempo calendario) de emergencia a madurez fisiológica Oscar Blanco reporta un rango de precocidad comprendido entre 124 a 134 días, y, Centenario se muestra tardía requiriendo un rango comprendido entre 135 a 145 días en las condiciones térmicas de Ayacucho.
In research on Andean crops, it is currently important to take into account the global warming that is affecting our tropical Andes, so we set ourselves the main objective: Determinar the thermal requirement of the phenological phases of two varieties of amaranth: Oscar Blanco variety ("Precocious"), and the Centenario variety ("late") in Ayacucho. The genetic material was provided by the National Institute of Agradan Innovation INIA-Ayacucho; Seven distinct phenological phases were considered for this crop. The work was carried out in an open field in a land adjacent to the Meteorological Station owned by the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga whose geographic coordinates are: 13 ° 08' Latitud Sur; 74 ° 13' Longitude West and Altitude 2772 m.s.n.m. In the present investigation the Design of Complete Blocks at Chance (DBCA) was used with two varieties and five times (dates) of sowing. When applying the ANVA, the results were that there is no significant difference in the thermal or thermal constant requirement between the five different sowing seasons within varieties; but if statistical significance of the thermal requirement was found between the early and late varieties with a coefficient of variability equal to 3.49%. The application of the Tukey Test/p=0.05) confirms that, for the different phenological phases, except for emergencies, there is no significant difference in the thermal requirement, but there is a significant mean difference between the varieties under study.The Oscar Blanco variety is the genotype with the lowest average thermal requirement to complete its vegetative eyele (from emergence to physiological maturation) with 1335.4 °C, while the centenary requires 1438.0 °C. For the performance character Oscar Blanco presents a higher average yield of 2833.3 t. ha-1, while Centenario had an average yield of 2274.41. ha-1, with respect to the number of days required (calendar time) from emergeney to physiological maturity. Oscar Blanco reports a range of precocity comprised between 124 to 134 days; and, Centenario is late, requiring a range between 135 to 145 days in the thermal conditions of Ayacucho.
In research on Andean crops, it is currently important to take into account the global warming that is affecting our tropical Andes, so we set ourselves the main objective: Determinar the thermal requirement of the phenological phases of two varieties of amaranth: Oscar Blanco variety ("Precocious"), and the Centenario variety ("late") in Ayacucho. The genetic material was provided by the National Institute of Agradan Innovation INIA-Ayacucho; Seven distinct phenological phases were considered for this crop. The work was carried out in an open field in a land adjacent to the Meteorological Station owned by the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga whose geographic coordinates are: 13 ° 08' Latitud Sur; 74 ° 13' Longitude West and Altitude 2772 m.s.n.m. In the present investigation the Design of Complete Blocks at Chance (DBCA) was used with two varieties and five times (dates) of sowing. When applying the ANVA, the results were that there is no significant difference in the thermal or thermal constant requirement between the five different sowing seasons within varieties; but if statistical significance of the thermal requirement was found between the early and late varieties with a coefficient of variability equal to 3.49%. The application of the Tukey Test/p=0.05) confirms that, for the different phenological phases, except for emergencies, there is no significant difference in the thermal requirement, but there is a significant mean difference between the varieties under study.The Oscar Blanco variety is the genotype with the lowest average thermal requirement to complete its vegetative eyele (from emergence to physiological maturation) with 1335.4 °C, while the centenary requires 1438.0 °C. For the performance character Oscar Blanco presents a higher average yield of 2833.3 t. ha-1, while Centenario had an average yield of 2274.41. ha-1, with respect to the number of days required (calendar time) from emergeney to physiological maturity. Oscar Blanco reports a range of precocity comprised between 124 to 134 days; and, Centenario is late, requiring a range between 135 to 145 days in the thermal conditions of Ayacucho.
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Vol. 7, No. 1