Percepciones sobre riesgo, vulnerabilidad y estrategias de resiliencia ante un evento climático extremo en la Cuenca Taquiña
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
Los procesos de adaptación a los ecosistemas y las transformaciones del medio se observan a través de estrategias de resiliencia, éstas son importantes de comprender cómo la gente mitiga los impactos, especialmente en una zona de alto riesgo por los asentamientos humanos, la actividad productiva que agrava la situación de vulnerabilidad y el riesgo para la existencia de la diversidad. Nuestro punto de partida fue las percepciones de la gente sobre el riesgo ante un evento climático extremo, por desborde del Río Taquiña y las estrategias de resiliencia familiares e institucionales para hacer frente a los riesgos y la identificación del factor de riesgo ante la situación de vulnerabilidad de las familias que habitan en esta parte de la Cuenca. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido interpretar las percepciones de los vecinos de la Cuenca Taquiña sobre el riesgo y las estrategias de resiliencia, frente a la situación de vulnerabilidad en la que viven, debido al cambio climático y a la relación ser humano - naturaleza, como parte de la adaptación y transformación del medio. Esta investigación ha sido de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, a través del acercamiento a la forma de vida familiar en una zona de riesgo. El método etnográfico ha sido aplicado como una concepción y práctica de conocimiento que busca comprender los fenómenos socio-culturales, partiendo desde la perspectiva de los actores sociales. Los principales resultados: a) existe asentamiento humano cercano al rio porque no hay claridad sobre la franja de seguridad en la zona, pese a la normativa ambiental al respecto y porque es incontrolable el ritmo acelerado del crecimiento poblacional; b) no existen políticas de manejo de cuenca, ni acciones de las instituciones de desarrollo para preservar a través de medidas estructurales los asentamientos; c), "la montaña está rajada" por culpa de las acciones humanas de los de "arriba". La zona de estudio, respecto al aluvión tiene un grado de riesgo 7,00 que es alto, se percibe que las autoridades no prestan debida importancia y en base a las vulnerabilidades identificadas se requiere construir un Plan de Gestión de Riesgos que reduzca al mínimo el impacto del cambio climático en el sistema de la zona afectada.
The processes of adaptation to the ecosystems and the transformations of the environment are observed through resilience strategies, these are important to understand how people mitigate the impacts, especially in an area of high risk by human settlements, the aggravating productive activity the situation of vulnerability and the risk for the existence of diversity. Our starting point is people's perceptions of risk in the face of an extreme climate event, due to the overflow of the Taquiña River and family and institutional resilience strategies to address risks and identify the risk factor in the situation of vulnerability of the families that inhabit this part of the Basin. The objective of the research has been to interpret the perceptions of the residents of the Taquiña Basin about risk and resilience strategies, in the face of the situation of vulnerability in which they live, due to climate change and the human-nature relationship, as part of the adaptation and transformation of the environment. This research has been descriptive and exploratory, through the approach to the family way of life in a risk zone. The ethnographic method has been applied as a conception and practice of knowledge that seeks to understand socio-cultural phenomena, starting from the perspective of social actors. The main results: a) there is human settlement close to the river because there is no clarity about the security strip in the area, despite environmental regulations in this regard and because the accelerated pace of population growth is uncontrollable; b) there are no watershed management policies, nor actions of development institutions to preserve the settlements through structural measures; c), "the mountain is cracked" because of the human actions of the "up". The study area, with respect to the flood, has a 7.00 degree of risk that is high, it is perceived that the authorities do not pay due importance and based on the identified vulnerabilities it is necessary to build a Risk Management Plan that minimizes the impact of climate change on the system of the affected area.
The processes of adaptation to the ecosystems and the transformations of the environment are observed through resilience strategies, these are important to understand how people mitigate the impacts, especially in an area of high risk by human settlements, the aggravating productive activity the situation of vulnerability and the risk for the existence of diversity. Our starting point is people's perceptions of risk in the face of an extreme climate event, due to the overflow of the Taquiña River and family and institutional resilience strategies to address risks and identify the risk factor in the situation of vulnerability of the families that inhabit this part of the Basin. The objective of the research has been to interpret the perceptions of the residents of the Taquiña Basin about risk and resilience strategies, in the face of the situation of vulnerability in which they live, due to climate change and the human-nature relationship, as part of the adaptation and transformation of the environment. This research has been descriptive and exploratory, through the approach to the family way of life in a risk zone. The ethnographic method has been applied as a conception and practice of knowledge that seeks to understand socio-cultural phenomena, starting from the perspective of social actors. The main results: a) there is human settlement close to the river because there is no clarity about the security strip in the area, despite environmental regulations in this regard and because the accelerated pace of population growth is uncontrollable; b) there are no watershed management policies, nor actions of development institutions to preserve the settlements through structural measures; c), "the mountain is cracked" because of the human actions of the "up". The study area, with respect to the flood, has a 7.00 degree of risk that is high, it is perceived that the authorities do not pay due importance and based on the identified vulnerabilities it is necessary to build a Risk Management Plan that minimizes the impact of climate change on the system of the affected area.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 3