Propuesta de estrategias de restauración ecológica en áreas afectadas por extracción de áridos en Punata (Cochabamba, Bolivia)
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
La extracción de áridos en el Abanico de Punata generó cambios muy notables en el paisaje local, siendo los impactos más sobresalientes la pérdida de vegetación y formación de superficies desnudas. Debido a la disminución de la cobertura vegetal, los suelos pierden su capacidad de retención de humedad en las capas superficiales, a este proceso se denomina desertificación, que no es otra cosa que volver una zona más seca (ya sea por condiciones climáticas o antrópicas). En el abanico aluvial de Punata predomina la época seca sobre la época de lluvias; existe una gran cantidad de pozos, lo cual, sumado al incremento de superficies desnudas ocasionado por la extracción de áridos, provocan el que los recursos hídricos disminuyan, contribuyendo al proceso de desertificación. Debido a la degradación y destrucción de ecosistemas en las áreas afectadas por extracción de áridos, se propone la restauración ecológica de estas zonas, la cual contribuirá a la recuperación de la vegetación combinándola con actividades antrópicas locales. De esta forma se reducirán los impactos derivados de la extracción de áridos.
The extraction of arids in the Punata alluvial fan has generated very remarkable changes in the local landscape, being the impacts most outstandings the loss of vegetation and the formation of bare surfaces. Due to the diminution of vegetation cover, soils lose their capacity for retention of humidity in the superficial layers. This process is known as desertification, situation in which an area of latid becomes a desert, usually losing its vegetation, water sources and wildlife (by climatic or anthropic conditions). In the Punata alluvial fan, dry season predominates over the rainy season; there is a lot of wells in the zone and, there is an increase of bare surfaces caused by the extraction of arids. AU of these factors imply a decrease on water resources, contributing to the desertification process. Due to the destruction and degradation of ecosystems in areas affected by the extraction of arids, an ecological restoration of these zone is proposed, which will contribute to the recovery of the vegetation by combining it with local anthropic activities. In this way, the impacts derived from the extraction of arids would be reduced.
The extraction of arids in the Punata alluvial fan has generated very remarkable changes in the local landscape, being the impacts most outstandings the loss of vegetation and the formation of bare surfaces. Due to the diminution of vegetation cover, soils lose their capacity for retention of humidity in the superficial layers. This process is known as desertification, situation in which an area of latid becomes a desert, usually losing its vegetation, water sources and wildlife (by climatic or anthropic conditions). In the Punata alluvial fan, dry season predominates over the rainy season; there is a lot of wells in the zone and, there is an increase of bare surfaces caused by the extraction of arids. AU of these factors imply a decrease on water resources, contributing to the desertification process. Due to the destruction and degradation of ecosystems in areas affected by the extraction of arids, an ecological restoration of these zone is proposed, which will contribute to the recovery of the vegetation by combining it with local anthropic activities. In this way, the impacts derived from the extraction of arids would be reduced.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 3