Gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos y su efecto en el aire, agua y suelo
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
Los rellenos sanitarios (RS) y los vertederos abiertos son responsables de la generación significativa de altas cantidades de lixiviados y gases que se incorporan al agua subterránea y a la atmósfera, principalmente compuestos orgánicos volátiles, metales pesados, macro inorgánicos (N y P). Debido a que los RS bien diseñados conllevan altos costos de instalación, operación y mantenimiento, la gestión de RSU se queda a nivel de sitios controlados y no controlados. Como es el caso del RS de Zinacantepec. En este trabajo se aplicó la metodología causa-efecto a través de la matriz de Leopold para analizar el impacto ambiental en el aire, agua y suelo en concordancia con el método de gestión municipal y de concesión privada. Los resultados indicaron que el RS de Zinacantepec carece de la información necesaria sobre la cuantificación de lixiviados y gases emitidos. Se puede concluir que se requiere un estudio en el que se monitoreen las características físicas y químicas del agua subterránea y del aire con la finalidad de evitar daños a la salud de los trabajadores y de la población circundante y al ecosistema.
Solid waste (SW) and open dumps are responsible for significant generation of high amounts of leachate and gases that are incorporated into groundwater and the atmosphere, mainly volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, inorganic macro (N and P). Well-designed SW entail high installation, operation, and maintenance costs, then SW management remains at the level of controlled and uncontrolled sites. Such is the case of the Zinacantepec SW. In this work, the cause-effect methodology was applied through the Leopold matrix to analyze the environmental impact on air, water and soil in accordance with the municipal management method and private concession. The results indicated that the Zinacantepec SW lacks the necessary information on the quantification of leachates and gases emitted. As a conclusion, this study requires to monitor the physical and chemical characteristics of the groundwater and air in order to prevent damage to the health of workers and the surrounding population and the ecosystem.
Solid waste (SW) and open dumps are responsible for significant generation of high amounts of leachate and gases that are incorporated into groundwater and the atmosphere, mainly volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, inorganic macro (N and P). Well-designed SW entail high installation, operation, and maintenance costs, then SW management remains at the level of controlled and uncontrolled sites. Such is the case of the Zinacantepec SW. In this work, the cause-effect methodology was applied through the Leopold matrix to analyze the environmental impact on air, water and soil in accordance with the municipal management method and private concession. The results indicated that the Zinacantepec SW lacks the necessary information on the quantification of leachates and gases emitted. As a conclusion, this study requires to monitor the physical and chemical characteristics of the groundwater and air in order to prevent damage to the health of workers and the surrounding population and the ecosystem.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 15
Keywords
Impacto ambiental, Matriz causa-efecto, Medidas de mitigación, Relleno sanitario, Residuos sólidos urbanos, Cause-effect matrix, Environmental impact, Landfill, Mitigation measures, Municipal waste solids, Impacto ambiental, Matriz causa-efeito, Medidas de mitigação, Aterro sanitário, Resíduos sólidos urbanos