Complicaciones materno fetales del dengue durante la gestación: un desafío a la salud pública
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Rev. Inv. Inf. Sal.
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Resumen: Introducción: El dengue es producido por los vectores Aedes Aegypti y Aedes Albopictus produciendo síntomas leves a severos, incluso la muerte. La mortalidad está asociada a la cepa circulante, a las características inmunológicas del huésped y a la preparación del sistema de salud. La importancia radica en prevenir su trasmisión para evitar las complicaciones o mortalidad. El objetivo fue identificar las complicaciones materno-fetales del dengue durante la gestación en pacientes de un hospital público de Paraguay. Material y métodos: Descriptivo, observacional, transversal, retrospectivo. Los datos fueron obtenidos de las fichas clínicas y los resultados de laboratorio de las pacientes que consultaron en obstetricia. Criterios: Inclusión: Pacientes gestantes con diagnóstico de dengue; pacientes con fichas clínicas completas. Exclusión: Pacientes que registraban no desear participar. Resultados: El 40 % del diagnóstico de dengue fue en el rango etario de 26 a 30 años, siendo el tercer trimestre con mayor afectación con 47%, comprometiendo entre las 36 a 40 semanas, el 55% de las pacientes consultaron por fiebre y el 21% por fiebre + cefalea, entre las complicaciones maternas se identificaron en el 12 % amenaza de parto prematuro, en el 9% hipertensión gestacional y el 5% de las complicaciones fetales fue de bajo peso al nacer. Discusión: Los problemas asociados al dengue en mujeres embarazadas incluyen la hipertensión, riesgo de parto prematuro y hemorragias; esta arbovirosis ha sido identificada como emergencia sanitaria; se recomienda eliminación de criaderos de mosquitos, mantener limpias las piscinas; protección personal contra la picadura, usar mosquiteros y participación activa de la comunidad.
Abstract: Introduction: Dengue is caused by the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, producing mild to severe symptoms, including death. Mortality is associated with the circulating strain, the host's immunological characteristics, and the health system's preparedness. The importance lies in preventing transmission to avoid complications or mortality. The objective was to identify maternal-fetal complications of dengue during pregnancy in patients at a public hospital in Paraguay. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective. Data were obtained from the medical records and laboratory results of patients who consulted in obstetrics. Criteria: Inclusion: Pregnant patients diagnosed with dengue; patients with complete medical records. Exclusion: Patients who stated they did not wish to participate. Results: 40% of dengue diagnoses occurred in the 26- to 30-year-old age group, with the third trimester being the most affected at 47%, affecting the period between 36 and 40 weeks. 55% of patients consulted for fever and 21% for fever and headache. Maternal complications included threatened premature delivery in 12%, gestational hypertension in 9%, and low birth weight in 5% of fetal complications. Discussion: Problems associated with dengue in pregnant women include hypertension, risk of premature delivery, and hemorrhage. This arbovirus has been identified as a public health emergency. Elimination of mosquito breeding sites, keeping swimming pools clean, personal protection against mosquito bites, use of mosquito nets, and active community participation are recommended.
Abstract: Introduction: Dengue is caused by the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, producing mild to severe symptoms, including death. Mortality is associated with the circulating strain, the host's immunological characteristics, and the health system's preparedness. The importance lies in preventing transmission to avoid complications or mortality. The objective was to identify maternal-fetal complications of dengue during pregnancy in patients at a public hospital in Paraguay. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective. Data were obtained from the medical records and laboratory results of patients who consulted in obstetrics. Criteria: Inclusion: Pregnant patients diagnosed with dengue; patients with complete medical records. Exclusion: Patients who stated they did not wish to participate. Results: 40% of dengue diagnoses occurred in the 26- to 30-year-old age group, with the third trimester being the most affected at 47%, affecting the period between 36 and 40 weeks. 55% of patients consulted for fever and 21% for fever and headache. Maternal complications included threatened premature delivery in 12%, gestational hypertension in 9%, and low birth weight in 5% of fetal complications. Discussion: Problems associated with dengue in pregnant women include hypertension, risk of premature delivery, and hemorrhage. This arbovirus has been identified as a public health emergency. Elimination of mosquito breeding sites, keeping swimming pools clean, personal protection against mosquito bites, use of mosquito nets, and active community participation are recommended.
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Vol. 20, No. 48