Diversidad genética de papas nativas y su contribución a la seguridad alimentaria en Huancavelica-Perú
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Volume Title
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
La diversidad de los recursos fitogenéticos es fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria a nivel mundial, ya que abarca la variabilidad genética de las plantas empleadas en la agricultura y en la alimentación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética de cultivares en tres distritos: Paucará, Rosario, Anta de la región de Huancavelica, utilizando 12 marcadores microsatélites (SSR). La investigación se desarrolló bajo en enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo y diseño tranversal. Se recolectaron muestras de 131 cultivares de papa nativa. El genotipado molecular, se realizó utilizando 12 marcadores microsatélites nucleares, previamente validados para Solanum sp. Se identificaron un total de 116 alelos distribuidos en los 12 cromosomas estudiados. Además, se determinaron 51 haplotipos únicos, de ellos, 45 en Paucará, 20 en Rosario y 16 en Anta. El 61,1 % de las muestras presentó duplicación genética, indicando la coexistencia de genotipos redundantes. Por otra parte, se identificaron 116 loci polimóficos, 99, 80 y 58 en las comunidades Paucará, Rosario y Anta, respectivamente. La heterocigosidad promedio fue mayor en Anta (0,33), seguida de Rosario (0,26) y Paucará (0,21). El análisis mostró que el 99,3 % de la variación genética ocurre dentro de las comunidades, con baja estructuración genética entre ellas (Fst = 0,07 %). Estos resultados subrayan el valor de estos agroecosistemas como reservorios genéticos clave para programas de mejoramiento genético que fortalezcan la resiliencia agrícola frente al cambio climático y refuercen la seguridad alimentaria.
The diversity of plant genetic resources is fundamental for global food security, as it encompasses the genetic variability of plants used in agriculture and food production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of cultivars in three districts-Paucará, Rosario, and Anta-located in the Huancavelica region, using 12 microsatellite markers (SSRs). The research followed a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. Samples from 131 native potato cultivars were collected. Molecular genotyping was carried out using 12 nuclear microsatellite markers previously validated for Solanum species. A total of 116 alleles were identified across the 12 chromosomes studied. Additionally, 51 unique haplotypes were determined: 45 in Paucará, 20 in Rosario, and 16 in Anta. Genetic duplication was observed in 61.1% of the samples, indicating the coexistence of redundant genotypes. Moreover, 116 polymorphic loci were identified-99 in Paucará, 80 in Rosario, and 58 in Anta. The average heterozygosity was highest in Anta (0.33), followed by Rosario (0.26) and Paucará (0.21). The analysis revealed that 99.3% of the genetic variation occurs within communities, with low genetic structuring among them (Fst = 0.07%). These results highlight the value of these agroecosystems as key genetic reservoirs for breeding programs aimed at strengthening agricultural resilience to climate change and enhancing food security.
The diversity of plant genetic resources is fundamental for global food security, as it encompasses the genetic variability of plants used in agriculture and food production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of cultivars in three districts-Paucará, Rosario, and Anta-located in the Huancavelica region, using 12 microsatellite markers (SSRs). The research followed a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. Samples from 131 native potato cultivars were collected. Molecular genotyping was carried out using 12 nuclear microsatellite markers previously validated for Solanum species. A total of 116 alleles were identified across the 12 chromosomes studied. Additionally, 51 unique haplotypes were determined: 45 in Paucará, 20 in Rosario, and 16 in Anta. Genetic duplication was observed in 61.1% of the samples, indicating the coexistence of redundant genotypes. Moreover, 116 polymorphic loci were identified-99 in Paucará, 80 in Rosario, and 58 in Anta. The average heterozygosity was highest in Anta (0.33), followed by Rosario (0.26) and Paucará (0.21). The analysis revealed that 99.3% of the genetic variation occurs within communities, with low genetic structuring among them (Fst = 0.07%). These results highlight the value of these agroecosystems as key genetic reservoirs for breeding programs aimed at strengthening agricultural resilience to climate change and enhancing food security.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 26
Keywords
Conservación in situ, Cultivares de papa nativa, Diversidad genética, Haplotipos únicos, Marcadores microsatélites (SSR), Genetic diversity, In situ conservation, Native potato cultivars, Microsatellite markers (SSR), Unique haplotypes, Conservação in situ, Cultivares nativos de batata, Diversidade genética, Haplótipos únicos, Marcadores de microssatélites (SSR)