Factores de riesgo en relación a la prevalencia de enteroparasitosis en niños de provincias del altiplano del Departamento de La Paz-Bolivia (2017-2018)
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Rev.Cs.Farm. y Bioq
Abstract
Introducción. La OMS ha estimado que en el mundo aproximadamente 450 millones padecen enfermedad parasitaria, afectando más a la población infantil. Bolivia es un país, que tiene como situación problemática las parasitosis, especialmente en la población infantil, por la incidencia de distintos factores, por el entorno ambiental y las carencias de ciertos servicios básicos. Objetivo. Determinar la relación de los factores de riesgo en la prevalencia de las enteroparasitosis en los niños menores de 14 años de municipios del área rural pertenecientes a 6 provincias del departamento de La Paz durante los años 2017 y 2018. Metodología. El estudio se llevó a cabo en siete municipios pertenecientes a seis provincias del Departamento de La Paz, con muestras de niños y niñas de 1 a 14 años, obteniendo una muestra total representativa (95% de nivel de confianza) de 1967 muestras. Al grupo muestral se aplicó el cuestionario estructurado para evaluar los factores de riesgo de tipo demográficos y socioeconómicos. Resultados. La prevalencia parasitaria obtenida para el 2017 fue del 95,4 % en niños, y para el 2018 de 93,9 %. En relación a los factores demográficos de edad y género no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa. Entre los factores socioeconómicos, la falta de acceso al agua potable se destacó como relevante, ya que ninguno de los municipios estudiados cuenta con este servicio básico. El factor de lavado de manos antes de comer, tiene asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05), lo que evidencio que esta variable influye en la presencia de parasitosis, aumentando 10,9 veces el riesgo de contraer parasitosis. Debido al entorno en el que viven la población en estudio, se trata de un factor que no puede ser modificado de manera inmediata. Conclusiones. Se determinó la relación de los factores de riesgo en la prevalencia de las enteroparasitosis, tanto demográficos como socioeconómicos. Se encontró asociación significativa con el lavado de manos y ninguno de los municipios tenía acceso al agua potable, este factor de riesgo podría incidir en el aumento de las parasitosis intestinales, ya que se reveló una alta prevalencia en ambas gestiones.
Introduction. Approximately, 450 million people worldwide suffer from parasitic diseases according to the World Health Organization, with significant prevalence among children. Historically, Bolivia has shown current parasitic infection in children's populations, this prevalence is related to different risk factors, including environmental condition and limited access to basic services, turning parasitic infections into a significant public health concern. Objective. To determine the relationship between risk factors and the prevalence of enteroparasitosis in children under 14 years of age in rural municipalities belonging to 6 provinces ofthe Department of La Pazduring 2017 and 2018. Methodology. The study was conducted in 7 municipalities belonging to 6 provinces of La Paz, Bolivia. Feces samples from children between 1 to 14 years were collected between 2017 and 2018, obtaining a representative number of 1967 of samples (95% confidence level). To this sample group, a questionnaire was provided to assess both demographic and socioeconomic risk factors. Results. The parasitic prevalence found in children was 95.4% and 93.9% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The factor "proper handwashing before eating", showed a statistically significant association with parasitic prevalence (p<0.05), indicating that this variable increases the risk of contracting parasitosis by 11 times. Furthermore, this result is associated to the fact that none ofthe municipalities studied, have access to drinking water, and due to the environment where these communities live, this factor seems to be difficult to be promptly modified. Regarding demographic factors such as age and gender, no statistically significant association was found (p>0.05). Conclusión. The study determined the relation ofthe prevalence of enteric parasitosis and both, demographic and socioeconomic risk factors. The most significant association was found between the unappropriated handwashing and the absence of drinking water services in the studied communities.
Introduction. Approximately, 450 million people worldwide suffer from parasitic diseases according to the World Health Organization, with significant prevalence among children. Historically, Bolivia has shown current parasitic infection in children's populations, this prevalence is related to different risk factors, including environmental condition and limited access to basic services, turning parasitic infections into a significant public health concern. Objective. To determine the relationship between risk factors and the prevalence of enteroparasitosis in children under 14 years of age in rural municipalities belonging to 6 provinces ofthe Department of La Pazduring 2017 and 2018. Methodology. The study was conducted in 7 municipalities belonging to 6 provinces of La Paz, Bolivia. Feces samples from children between 1 to 14 years were collected between 2017 and 2018, obtaining a representative number of 1967 of samples (95% confidence level). To this sample group, a questionnaire was provided to assess both demographic and socioeconomic risk factors. Results. The parasitic prevalence found in children was 95.4% and 93.9% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The factor "proper handwashing before eating", showed a statistically significant association with parasitic prevalence (p<0.05), indicating that this variable increases the risk of contracting parasitosis by 11 times. Furthermore, this result is associated to the fact that none ofthe municipalities studied, have access to drinking water, and due to the environment where these communities live, this factor seems to be difficult to be promptly modified. Regarding demographic factors such as age and gender, no statistically significant association was found (p>0.05). Conclusión. The study determined the relation ofthe prevalence of enteric parasitosis and both, demographic and socioeconomic risk factors. The most significant association was found between the unappropriated handwashing and the absence of drinking water services in the studied communities.
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Vol. 13, No. 1