Los efectos biológicos de la contaminación minera en las cuencas que conforman la hidrografía de Bolivia: relevamiento de los estudios recientes
Abstract
Existen abundantes estudios que caracterizan la contaminación minera en las diferentes cuencas que conforman la hidrografía boliviana. Solo algunos de ellos inciden en las consecuencias sobre los seres vivos que están en contacto con las actividades mineras. Desde hace dos décadas se han descrito múltiples aspectos de esta situación en investigaciones diversas, las cuales han crecido en número, manejo metodológico y recursos tecnológicos y en sitios específicos. Sin embargo, este caudal de información no se ha constituido en una herramienta que pueda incidir en las políticas del sector, dado que cada estudio analiza un aspecto específico de esa realidad cuya transformación requiere un enfoque integral, dada la complejidad de este hecho. Por lo anterior, en este trabajo se hace un relevamiento de los estudios recientes, mismos que han avanzado en complejidad procedimental, aunque gran parte de las conclusiones ya se conocía desde el inicio de estos emprendimientos académicos. Sin embargo, resalta el hecho de que, no obstante estas constataciones científicas, las causas y las consecuencias de esta contaminación siguieron creciendo de manera incontenible, aun existiendo tecnología que puede modificar la situación. Portal hecho, en este trabajo, además de mostrar el escenario actual sobre la contaminación minera y sus consecuencias, se plantea la necesidad de encontrar soluciones a la contradicción entre la necesidad de mantener el sistema productivo y la de conservar la vida.
There are abundant studies characterizing mining pollution in the different basins that make up Bolivia's hydrography. Only a few of them address the consequences for living beings in contact with mining activities. For two decades, multiple aspects of this situation have been described in various studies, which have grown in number, methodological approach, technological resources, and in specific sites. However, this wealth of information has not become a tool that can influence sector policies, given that each study analyzes a specific aspect of this reality, butthe transformation of which requires a comprehensive approach, given the complexity of this situation. Therefore, this work reviews recent studies, which have advanced in procedural complexity, although many of the conclusions were already known from the beginning of these academic endeavors. However, it is noteworthy that, despite these scientific findings, the causes and consequences of this pollution continued to grow uncontrollably, even though technology exists that can change the situation. For this reason, this paper, in addition to showing the current situation regarding mining pollution and its consequences, raises the need to find solutions to the contradiction between the need to mantain the productive system and the need to preserve life.
There are abundant studies characterizing mining pollution in the different basins that make up Bolivia's hydrography. Only a few of them address the consequences for living beings in contact with mining activities. For two decades, multiple aspects of this situation have been described in various studies, which have grown in number, methodological approach, technological resources, and in specific sites. However, this wealth of information has not become a tool that can influence sector policies, given that each study analyzes a specific aspect of this reality, butthe transformation of which requires a comprehensive approach, given the complexity of this situation. Therefore, this work reviews recent studies, which have advanced in procedural complexity, although many of the conclusions were already known from the beginning of these academic endeavors. However, it is noteworthy that, despite these scientific findings, the causes and consequences of this pollution continued to grow uncontrollably, even though technology exists that can change the situation. For this reason, this paper, in addition to showing the current situation regarding mining pollution and its consequences, raises the need to find solutions to the contradiction between the need to mantain the productive system and the need to preserve life.
Description
Vol. 10, No. 2