Metodologías de enseñanza basadas en simulación en el aprendizaje práctico de estudiantes de enfermería: revisión sistemática
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
A medida que los escenarios clínicos se han vuelto más sofisticados, se han desarrollado estrategias de evaluación y enseñanza que implican el uso de maniquíes, pacientes estandarizados e incluso realidad virtual completamente inmersiva. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de la simulación en la adquisición de habilidades prácticas por parte de los estudiantes de enfermería en formación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, MDPI, SciELO y ScienceDirect, donde después de eliminar duplicados y filtrar títulos, resúmenes y referencias, se incluyeron 23 estudios con un total de 2,098 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que las intervenciones consistieron en simulaciones de realidad virtual multijugador de alta, media y baja fidelidad, pares estructurados y entornos híbridos, observando mejoras significativas en la retención del conocimiento clínico, habilidades clínicas y prácticas, comunicación clínica y toma de decisiones clínicas. Adicionalmente, se evidenciaron tendencias favorables en la efectividad personal, satisfacción general, liderazgo, colaboración, pensamiento crítico y trabajo realizado. Las conclusiones indican que las metodologías de simulación clínica mejoran el aprendizaje práctico y las competencias esenciales en enfermería, recomendándose su integración permanente en los planes de estudio con protocolos homogéneos, evaluaciones coste-efectivas y estudios longitudinales que analicen la transferencia de aprendizajes a la práctica real.
As clinical settings have become more sophisticated, assessment and teaching strategies have been developed that involve the use of mannequins, standardized patients, and even fully immersive virtual reality. This study aimed to analyze the impact of simulation on the acquisition of practical skills by nursing students in training. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology in the PubMed, MDPI, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases. After removing duplicates and filtering titles, abstracts, and references, 23 studies with a total of 2,098 students were included. The results showed that the interventions consisted of high-, medium-, and low-fidelity multiplayer virtual reality simulations, structured pairs, and hybrid environments, resulting in significant improvements in clinical knowledge retention, clinical and practical skills, clinical communication, and clinical decision-making. Additionally, favorable trends were observed in personal effectiveness, overall satisfaction, leadership, collaboration, critical thinking, and work performed. The findings indicate that clinical simulation methodologies improve practical learning and essential nursing skills, recommending their permanent integration into curricula with homogeneous protocols, cost-effective evaluations, and longitudinal studies that analyze the transfer of learning to real practice.
As clinical settings have become more sophisticated, assessment and teaching strategies have been developed that involve the use of mannequins, standardized patients, and even fully immersive virtual reality. This study aimed to analyze the impact of simulation on the acquisition of practical skills by nursing students in training. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology in the PubMed, MDPI, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases. After removing duplicates and filtering titles, abstracts, and references, 23 studies with a total of 2,098 students were included. The results showed that the interventions consisted of high-, medium-, and low-fidelity multiplayer virtual reality simulations, structured pairs, and hybrid environments, resulting in significant improvements in clinical knowledge retention, clinical and practical skills, clinical communication, and clinical decision-making. Additionally, favorable trends were observed in personal effectiveness, overall satisfaction, leadership, collaboration, critical thinking, and work performed. The findings indicate that clinical simulation methodologies improve practical learning and essential nursing skills, recommending their permanent integration into curricula with homogeneous protocols, cost-effective evaluations, and longitudinal studies that analyze the transfer of learning to real practice.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 24