Panorama clínico y sociodemográfico de los casos de cáncer atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca en 2023
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
El cáncer representa un problema de salud pública relevante en Perú, con incidencia y características influenciadas por factores sociodemográficos y estructurales. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca durante el año 2023. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal basado en el análisis de 411 registros clínicos de pacientes con cáncer, recopilados de la base de datos institucional. Se evaluaron variables como tipo de cáncer, edad, sexo, grado de instrucción y ocupación. Resultados: Del total de pacientes, el 55.5% fueron mujeres, siendo los cánceres ginecológicos (29.7%), digestivos (19.7%) y de piel (12.4%) los más frecuentes. La mayor concentración de casos se registró entre los 60 y 79 años. El 68.1% tenía como máximo educación primaria o carecía de instrucción, y la mayoría eran amas de casa (59.37%) o agricultores (18.98%). Cajamarca fue la provincia con mayor número de casos (210; 52.2%), seguida por San Marcos, Celendín y Hualgayoc. Conclusión: La alta carga de cáncer ginecológico y digestivo se asocia con factores estructurales como el bajo nivel educativo, ocupaciones rurales y limitada accesibilidad a servicios de salud. Se evidenció una distribución geográfica desigual y una mayor carga en mujeres adultas mayores, lo cual exige enfoques preventivos, educativos y territoriales más efectivos.
Cancer represents a significant public health problem in Peru, with incidence and characteristics influenced by sociodemographic and structural factors. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of cancer treated at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca during the year 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the analysis of 411 clinical records of cancer patients, collected from the institutional database. Variables such as type of cancer, age, sex, education and occupation were evaluated. Results: Of the total number of patients, 55.5% were women, with gynecologic (29.7%), digestive (19.7%) and skin (12.4%) cancers being the most frequent. The highest concentration of cases was between 60 and 79 years of age. The 68.1% had at most primary education or no education, and most were housewives (59.37%) or farmers (18.98%). Cajamarca was the province with the highest number of cases (210; 52.2%), followed by San Marcos, Celandine and Hualgayoc. Conclusion: The high burden of gynecologic and digestive cancer is associated with structural factors such as low educational level, rural occupations and limited accessibility to health services. An unequal geographic distribution and a higher burden in older women were evidenced, which requires more effective preventive, educational and territorial approaches.
Cancer represents a significant public health problem in Peru, with incidence and characteristics influenced by sociodemographic and structural factors. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of cancer treated at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca during the year 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the analysis of 411 clinical records of cancer patients, collected from the institutional database. Variables such as type of cancer, age, sex, education and occupation were evaluated. Results: Of the total number of patients, 55.5% were women, with gynecologic (29.7%), digestive (19.7%) and skin (12.4%) cancers being the most frequent. The highest concentration of cases was between 60 and 79 years of age. The 68.1% had at most primary education or no education, and most were housewives (59.37%) or farmers (18.98%). Cajamarca was the province with the highest number of cases (210; 52.2%), followed by San Marcos, Celandine and Hualgayoc. Conclusion: The high burden of gynecologic and digestive cancer is associated with structural factors such as low educational level, rural occupations and limited accessibility to health services. An unequal geographic distribution and a higher burden in older women were evidenced, which requires more effective preventive, educational and territorial approaches.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 24